Which area consists of zones not connected to city services and controlled by illicit actors?

• A. Disamenity Zones
• B. Exurbs
• C. Farmland Protection Policies
• D. Central Business District

Answer: (A)

Disamenity zones are parts of a city that receive little or no public services and often fall outside formal governance. Because municipal provision (water, sanitation, policing, infrastructure) is missing or weak, these areas can be controlled by illicit actors who exploit the lack of oversight to run illegal activities. This combination of service withdrawal and authoritarian control by nonofficial groups characterizes the area described in the question.

Exurbs are remote communities still tied to the city and typically served by infrastructure; farmland protection policies are about preserving agricultural land around urban areas; the central business district is the city’s service-rich commercial core. Thus none of those fit the description as well as disamenity zones.