Which mitigation measures are used to address the urban heat island effect?

• A. Expanding industrial zones near downtown.
• B. Increasing urban green space, reflective roofing, cool pavements, and tree canopy expansion.
• C. Building more parking lots.
• D. Removing vegetation to increase heat absorption.

Answer: (B)

Mitigating the urban heat island effect focuses on lowering heat absorption and boosting cooling through shading, higher reflectivity, and evapotranspiration. Increasing urban green space and expanding the tree canopy provide shade and release moisture, cooling the air and surfaces. Reflective roofing (cool roofs) and cool pavements raise albedo, so roofs and streets absorb less heat. Together, these strategies reduce surface and air temperatures and can lower energy use for cooling. In contrast, expanding industrial zones, adding more parking, or removing vegetation would increase heat sources or reduce cooling, making the island effect worse.