Which model emphasizes metropolitan reach and connects semi-autonomous centers by roads and highways, with no single CBD?

• A. The Urban Realms Model.
• B. The Concentric Zone Model.
• C. The Sector Model.
• D. The Gravity Model.

Answer: (D)

This question is about how a large metropolitan area can be organized around multiple centers rather than one central business district. The Urban Realms Model describes a metropolis as a set of semi-autonomous centers or realms that extend outward, each with its own economic activity, connected by a network of roads and highways. In this view, there isn’t a single dominant CBD; instead, several centers—edge cities, suburbs, and regional hubs—pull the region together through transportation links, allowing activity to spread across the urban area.

The Gravity Model, while useful for explaining patterns of interaction (how much people or goods move between places based on size and distance), doesn’t specify a particular urban form or the internal spatial structure of a metropolitan area. It’s about flow, not the structural arrangement of centers within a city.

So the description fits the urban realms idea: a metropolitan reach with multiple semi-autonomous centers connected by roads and highways and no single CBD.